Clarifying the Mechanism of Superantigen Toxicity

Clarifying the Mechanism of Superantigen Toxicity

Superantigens are bacterial proteins that generate a powerful immune response by binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells and T cell receptors on T cells. A recent article reveals that at least one of the superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), also binds the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, suggesting that a much larger and potentially ...

A review of acrylamide toxicity and its mechanism

Acrylamide (AA) is an important industrial chemical agent that is mainly used in the production of polymers and copolymers. Recently it has been attention because of its production in the diet at high-temperature (>120 ºC) processes such as cooking, frying, toasting, roasting or baking of high carbohydrate foods. According to high exposure to acrylamide, recognition of its toxic effect is ...

Mechanism of oxidative stress involved in the toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against eukaryotic cells

ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. Since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of ZnO NPs-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. Different structural and physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemica...

molecular mechanism of isoniazid-induced mitochondrial toxicity

On the Mechanism of Chloride Toxicity

The sandculture experiment with chloride as a variable has provided an excellent opportunity for detailed examination of the effects of excessive chloride on bearing avocado trees. Hass avocado trees have been under chloride treatment for the past four years. A summary of the more practical considerations of investigation such as leaf symptoms, mineral nutrition, growth and fruit characteristic...